Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) refers to tumor-derived DNA fragments released into the bloodstream that can be detected through blood-based testing and used to monitor cancer. Drs. Jose Silva and Alberto Pieretti explain how ctDNA may help identify minimal residual disease, predict recurrence, and guide treatment decisions in bladder cancer, particularly after surgery or in high-risk cases. Studies suggest ctDNA positivity is associated with a higher likelihood of recurrence and may identify patients who could benefit from earlier systemic therapy. However, while ctDNA shows strong prognostic value, ongoing trials are still needed to determine how clinicians should act on these results in routine practice.
Contributors:
Dr. Jose Silva is a board certified urologist practicing in Central Florida.
Dr. Alberto Pieretti is a urologic oncologist at Cleveland Clinic Weston Hospital in Parkland, Florida.
